播种密度和氮、磷、钾肥用量对紫罗兰块茎产量的影响[基金项目:浙江省科技厅(2007C32008);行业项目(200803039);台州市科技局(08XH02) 作者简介:莫云彬(1978-),男,浙江
正文:摘要:采用二次饱和一D最优设计,研究密度与氮、磷、钾施用量对紫色马铃薯的块茎产量影响,并建立相应数学模型,得出紫色马铃薯在浙东地区2月上旬播种,单产大于22.5 kg/hm2的农艺措施优化组合方案为播种密度5.59~5.88万株/hm2,氮肥用量141.27~161.79kg/hm2,磷肥用量103.68~118.68kg/hm2,钾肥用量242.22~264.72kg/hm2。保证足够的群体密度及控氮、增钾、适磷的肥料运筹是取得高产的有效措施。
关键词:紫色马铃薯;紫罗兰;播种密度;施肥技术;二次饱和一D最优设计
Effect of sowing density and rates of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield of purple potato (cv. ziluolan)Abstracts: Effect of sowing density and rates of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield of purple potato (cv. ziluolan) were tested by employing quadratic saturation D optimum design method. Regression equations of yield value were established. The optimum agricultural combination factors for the purple potato sowing in the early February in east of Zhejiang province obtaining a yield more than 22.5 kg/hm
2, were showed as follows: the sowing density was 55900-58800 plants/ hm
2; rates of nitrogen were 141.27-161.79 kg/hm
2; rates of phosphorus were 103.68-118.68 kg/hm
2; rates of potassium were 242.22~264.72 kg/hm
2. The results indicated that the sufficient sowing density in co-operation with nitrogen-controlling, phosphorus-increasing and potassium-sufficient were the effective ways to achieve high yield of purple potato.
Keywords: purple potato, ziluolan, sowing density, fertilizing technique, quadratic saturation D optimum design
马铃薯是浙江省粮食、蔬菜、饲料和工业原料兼用的主要农作物,具有丰产性好、营养丰富、适应性强和经济效益高的特点。近年来,浙江省马铃薯生产面积持续增长,但产量一直在1400公斤左右徘徊。在生产上,不合理施肥现象普遍存在,这不仅影响到马铃薯的产量和品质,也会使肥料效果不能得到充分体现,更严重的会使环境受到负面影响。而彩色马铃薯是近年来育成的一类集营养、保健和色素于一体的新类型品种,因富含红色素,所以被作为一个重要的天然色素源而引起国内外许多学者的关注
[1]。目前,有关氮磷钾不同施用量对马铃薯产量的影响及施肥效应已有较多研究
[ 2-6],但有关紫色马铃薯的肥料效应与优化施肥的研究甚少。本研究采用二次饱和一D最优设计
[7],探讨主要栽培因子对紫色马铃薯的块茎产量的影响。
1 材料与方法
试验选择紫色马铃薯紫罗兰的播种密度(x
l,万株/hm
2)、氮肥用量(x
2,kg/hm
2)、磷肥用量(x
3,kg/hm
2)、钾肥用量(x
4,kg/hm
2)为决策变量,以紫罗兰的块茎产量(y,t/hm
2)为目标函数,采用二次饱和D一最优设计,布置田间参数试验,四个决策变量及其设计水平见表1。
表1 决策变量及其设计水平
Table 1 Decision variances and design levels
试验号 |
二次饱和D-最优设计编码值 |
试验因子实际取值 |
x1 |
x 2 |
x 3 |
x 4 |
x1 |
x 2 |
x 3 |
x 4 |
1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3.00 |
60 |
60 |
120 |
2 |
1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
7.50 |
60 |
60 |
120 |
3 |
-1 |
1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3.00 |
240 |
60 |
120 |
4 |
-1 |
-1 |
1 |
-1 |
3.00 |
60 |
180 |
120 |
5 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
1 |
3.00 |
60 |
60 |
300 |
6 |
0.4114 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
-1 |
6.18 |
187.03 |
60 |
120 |
7 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
6.18 |
60 |
144.68 |
120 |
8 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
6.18 |
60 |
60 |
247.03 |
9 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
3.00 |
187.03 |
144.68 |
120 |
10 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
3.00 |
187.03 |
60 |
247.03 |
11 |
-1 |
-1 |
0.4114 |
0.4114 |
3.00 |
60 |
144.68 |
247.03 |
12 |
-0.6502 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3.79 |
240 |
180 |
300 |
13 |
1 |
-0.6502 |
1 |
1 |
7.50 |
91.48 |
180 |
300 |
14 |
1 |
1 |
-0.6502 |
1 |
7.50 |
240 |
80.99 |
300 |
15 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
-0.6502 |
7.50 |
240 |
180 |
151.48 |
供试肥料均选用单质肥料,氮素为46%的尿素(镇海产),磷素为12%的过磷酸钙(湖北产),钾素为60%氯化钾(俄罗斯产)。氮肥总量的3/5和全部磷、钾肥作为基肥,剩余的氮肥分别在出苗后20d(块茎形成期),出苗后40d (块茎增长期)各追施1/5氮肥。
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